Non-systemic, Non-hormonal Forms of Male Contraceptives
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Serum vitamin A status in women users of lowdose oral contraceptives and in postmenopausal women taking hormone replacement therapy.
Background: One of the most important nonenzymatic antioxidant defense systems is vitamin A, and is considered as an important dietary agent for reducing cardiovascular diseases. Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the serum vitamin A status in women who used low-dose oral contraceptives (OCs) containing 0.15 mg levonorgestrol and 0.03 mg ethinyl estradiol and also in...
متن کاملMale contraception: a clinically-oriented review.
Despite the variety of available female contraceptive methods, many pregnancies (~50%) are still undesired. Many men (>60%) want to participate equally with their partner in family planning; however, male contraceptive methods (MCMs) account for only 14% of those used worldwide and no pharmaceutical MCM is available so far. The only two MCMs currently available are condoms, which despi...
متن کاملWould male hormonal contraceptives affect cardiovascular risk?
The aim of hormonal male contraception is to prevent unintended pregnancies by suppressing spermatogenesis. Hormonal male contraception is based on the principle that exogenous administration of androgens and other hormones such as progestins suppress circulating gonadotropin concentrations, decreasing testicular Leydig cell and Sertoli cell activity and spermatogenesis. In order to achieve mor...
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Estrogens favor the development and/or exacerbation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Numerous reports have described the association between estrogens exposure (oral contraceptives and menopause hormonal therapy) and development or exacerbation of SLE. Some new studies showed benefit from oral contraceptives and other hormonal therapies without a change in lupus activity but with increase...
متن کاملThe state of hormonal contraception today: benefits and risks of hormonal contraceptives: progestin-only contraceptives.
The progestin component of hormonal contraceptives accounts for most of their contraceptive effects. Several dosage forms of progestin-only contraceptives have been developed, including pills, injectables, implants, and intrauterine devices. Emergency contraceptives may also contain progestin only and are indicated for prevention of pregnancy following unprotected intercourse or contraceptive f...
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